What are peripherals in relation to a computer?

Peripherals refer to external devices that connect to a computer, providing additional functionality. These devices fall into two main categories: input devices and output devices. Input devices, such as keyboards and mice, allow users to provide data and control commands to the computer. Output devices, like monitors and printers, are used to convey information from the computer to the user. The combination of these devices enhances the overall interaction between the user and the computer system, facilitating communication and data processing.

The other options do not accurately define peripherals. The internal components that process data, such as the CPU and RAM, are not considered peripherals, as they are integral to the computer's functioning. Software applications, while crucial to a computer's operation, fall under a different category entirely, as they are not hardware-based. Lastly, backup systems relate to data storage management, which, while important, does not fall under the definition of peripherals. Thus, the understanding of peripherals revolves around their role as essential input or output devices that complement a computer's capabilities.