Which of the following devices are considered peripheral?

Peripheral devices are hardware components that are not integral to the core functioning of a computer but are used to enhance its capabilities and provide additional functionalities. These devices typically connect to the computer system through various ports or interfaces and can be easily added or removed without affecting the main operation of the computer.

Speakers are classified as peripheral devices because they serve the specific purpose of outputting sound. They do not form part of the essential architecture that allows a computer to function, such as the CPU, motherboard, or graphics card. Instead, speakers connect to the computer through audio ports and operate alongside it to deliver auditory output, thus fitting the definition of a peripheral device.

In contrast, the CPU, motherboard, and graphics card are fundamental components that are necessary for the basic operation of a computer system. The CPU (central processing unit) is the brain of the computer that performs calculations and processes data. The motherboard serves as the main circuit board that connects all components of the computer, including the CPU, RAM, and other peripherals. The graphics card is responsible for rendering images, video, and animations, which are critical tasks for the computer's operation.