What is defined as a set of instructions executed by a computer?

The correct choice refers to a category known as computer software, which encompasses a wide range of instructions that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks. Software includes everything from operating systems, which manage the hardware and provide services for application software, to applications that help users perform specific functions like word processing, web browsing, or gaming.

Computer software is essential for any computing device because it enables the hardware components to work together effectively. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the hardware, translating user commands into actions performed by the hardware.

The other terms represent different concepts. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the motherboard, CPU, memory, and storage devices. Firmware is a type of software that is closely tied to specific hardware and is embedded directly into devices, providing low-level control for that hardware. Network protocol, on the other hand, refers to the set of rules and conventions that enable devices to communicate over a network, governing aspects like data transmission, error handling, and connection management.